Boss Appreciation Day Quotes

Supervisor Appreciation Day Quotes Here is an informal code: in the event that you need to ascend the professional bureaucracy, first figure out how to deal with your chief. With a glad chief, you can arrive at the top. On this Bosss Day, share these statements with your boss to prevail upon them. Robert Frost The distinction between work and a profession is the contrast somewhere in the range of forty and sixty hours per week. Sam Walton There is just one chief. The client. Furthermore, he can fire everyone in the organization from the administrator on down, essentially by going through his cash elsewhere. Howard Aiken Dont stress over individuals taking your thoughts. In the event that your thoughts are any acceptable, youll need to slam them down people groups throats. John Gotti In the event that you think your supervisor is moronic, recollect: you wouldnt have an occupation on the off chance that he was any more brilliant. Lawrence H. Martin In numerous organizations, today will end at five oclock. Those twisted on progress, be that as it may, make today last from yesterday directly through to tomorrow. Elbert Hubbard There is no disappointment aside from in done difficult. Doug Larson Achieving the incomprehensible methods just that the manager will add it to your standard obligations. Casey Stengel The mystery of effective overseeing is to keep the five folks who despise you away from the four folks who havent made up their brains. The way to being a decent chief is keeping the individuals who loathe you away from the individuals who are as yet unsure. Dwindle Drucker The board by target works-in the event that you know the destinations. 90% of the time you dont. Homer Simpson Slaughter my chief? Do I dare experience the American dream? Tim Gould Ive been elevated to center administration. I never thought Id sink so low. Byron Pulsifer A decent manager is an individual who can endure my grievances and still figure out how to make proper acquaintance with me consistently. In the event that it wasnt for awful supervisors, I wouldnt realize what a decent one resembled. Leo J. Farrell, Jr. The characteristic of a genuine official is generally messy. Cedric Adams Official: A man who converses with guests so different representatives can complete their work.

Heres How to Know the Difference Between Miss, Mrs., and Ms.

Heres How to Know the Difference Between Miss, Mrs., and Ms. Dear Mrs. Galloway, You start the letter essentially enough yet the peruser on the opposite end just feigns exacerbation, snickering, and to some degree irritated at the inaccurate utilization of the title Mrs.. That reaction isn't close by anyone's standards to what you needed for your correspondence, however theres an explanation behind it: Shes 17 years of age and isnt wanting to get hitched whenever in the close future.Knowing the right method to address somebody in a letter or call isn't just a smart thought its a method to guarantee that the reason for your letter or call isnt dominated by likely offense to the beneficiary. Little insults in correspondence decorum can aggravate a troublesome circumstance regardless of whether youre attempting to determine it by means of composed correspondence or a phone call.For model, its a typical confusion that Miss and Ms. mean something very similar. Or on the other hand that all ladies can be alluded to as Miss or Mrs. These titles have three totally various implications and any individual who utilizes them should know the contrast between the three-particularly on the off chance that they play out work or capacity that requires a great deal of composed and verbal correspondence skills.So, lets take a gander at the significance of each title and how to decide whether it ought to be utilized to effectively address the beneficiary of your letter or call. A basic survey, for example, the one offered here, can spare you time and stress, and help guarantee your correspondence endeavors occur as easily as possible.Its imperative to accurately address the beneficiary of your letter with the right title. Photograph by John-Mark Smith from Pexels.Using Miss correctlyWhen going before a name, Miss is utilized to consciously address an unmarried lady. It can likewise be utilized alone, without a name going before it, to address her. The right method to articulate this title is [Mis] (rhymes with this).Youll likewise observe t he term utilized as a bother or reference to a womans character attributes, for example, Miss Perfect or Miss Manners, in spite of the fact that this utilization of the word isn't viewed as formal.ExamplesMiss Myers, it would be ideal if you contact our office when possible.Excuse me Miss, yet I think you left something behind.She acts like Miss Know-it-everything except is for the most part unaware.Settings in which you will utilize MissIn a proper setting, it is ideal to utilize Miss before an unmarried womans last name (family name). Some normal instances of formal settings incorporate business cooperations, proficient correspondence with business partners or bosses, tending to somebody in a place of power, tending to somebody you dont know by and by, and so forth.). Marginally less formal is the utilization of Miss before an unmarried womans first (given) name, and this should possibly be done in the event that you have consent to do as such. By and large, if a lady doesn't wish to be alluded to in a conventional way, she will tell you: Oh, you can simply call me [name].However, it is adequate and amiable to just utilize Miss when verbally tending to a more interesting whose name you dont know, however this isn't normally done in composed correspondence. For instance, in the event that you experience a lady (of all ages) on the road who has dropped her scarf, you could stand out enough to be noticed by saying: Excuse me, Miss. Is this yours?In casual settings, (for example, companions, close associates, and relatives, and so forth.), utilizing Miss before a word that portrays the individual to whom youre alluding is satisfactory, in spite of the fact that be cautious you can in any case hurt someones sentiments if the expressive word isn't a commendation. For instance, Miss know-everything is a normally utilized articulation to allude (in a to some degree harsh way) to a lady who rectifies others often.Using Mrs. CorrectlyMrs., while going before a name, i s a title used to deferentially address a wedded lady. It is like the utilization of Miss in that it is regularly utilized alongside a womans family name. Before, it has been utilized alongside the spouses first and last name to allude to his better half (Mrs. Donald Smith), yet this training is viewed as obsolete. A few ladies may even complain in it, so it is ideal to keep away from it if possible.The right approach to articulate this title is [Missus] (rhymes with miss us). Actually, youll regularly observe the title explained as Missis, Missus, or Mizzus in discourse, to signify precisely how a character articulates it.ExamplesMrs. Jones possesses the flower shop down the road.I think youre a magnificent individual, Mrs. Annette.Ill solicit the missus what she thinks from eating tomorrow night.Settings in which you will utilize Mrs.In a conventional setting, for example, in a business or expert setting, you will probably utilize Mrs. before a wedded womans last name to address h er obligingly. Likewise with Miss, you can likewise utilize Mrs. prior to a wedded womans first name, however you should trust that authorization or a greeting will do so.However, once in a while will you see Mrs. or on the other hand Missus utilized alone, without a last name or given name tailing it. When it is utilized alone, it is generally referenced in a casual way, for example, a companion asking another companion: Are you and the missus going along with us for supper? This is another way that Mrs. varies from Miss.Using Ms. correctlyIf you are uncertain about a womans conjugal status and are tending to her in composed correspondence, Ms. is the favored title to utilize. Consider it something contrary to Mr., which is utilized to allude to a man, paying little mind to his conjugal status. The right method to articulate this title is [Miz] (rhymes with fizz).ExamplesDear Ms. Jenner,Ms. Lyle is the new head of Belleview High SchoolSettings in which you will utilize Ms.As expres sed before, Ms. is the favored term in composed correspondence to allude consciously to ladies whose wedded status is obscure. In this sense, numerous editors and columnists will utilize this term to cover their tracks on the off chance that Miss or Mrs. Is incorrect.As with Mrs., the utilization of Ms. as an independent word isn't typical.Getting around each of the three termsSpeaking of altering and news coverage, an ongoing pattern in numerous distributions has been to utilize the first and last name of the lady without including both of the three titles (Miss, Mrs., or Ms.). Be that as it may, this isn't as satisfactory in spoken correspondence, where Miss, Mrs., and Ms. are as yet ideal (as long as the correct one is utilized.

Records Administrators and Technicians

Records Administrators and Technicians November 24, 2010 HCR/210 Instructor: Jennifer Briscoe Records Administrators and Technicians The general obligations for dealing with understanding records contrast between a record chairman (RHIA) and a records specialist (RHIT). A RHIT must have information about clinical records and execute the aptitudes that go into rounding out all the reports in the documents. A RHIA recruits and shows clinical record experts how appropriately to finish clinical documentations.Three explicit instances of contrasts between a record head and a records professional are a specialist can help an overseer, an executive surveys a technician’s work, and a manager oversees or administers the clinical staff at a clinical office. A RHIT must be proficient in clinical prerequisites, norms, methodology, guidelines, and strategies. A professional needs to know a wide scope of clinical codes, clinical phrasing, and clinical record substance and organization.Also an expert must be very much educated in brain research, illnesses, anatomical frameworks, peruse and understand a clinical graph, and be comfortable with other clinical offices. A record expert likewise needs to work with social insurance protection. A RHIT has a lot increasingly explicit obligations when working with clinical records. A RHIT utilizes numerous clinical record information and abilities consistently so they should be precise with the finished records. A RHIA must have all the information on a clinical record professional since they recruit and train the new employees.An manager possibly ventures into help out an expert on the off chance that the person is required. A head likewise checks a specialist work to check whether it is finished, exact, and conforms to the government guidelines and office strategies. Managers are the pioneers of office documentations and create strategies and arrangements for the staff. A manager disseminates records when the individual is app roved to by the patients. References: 1997-2010, â€Å"Medical Record Technician† Job Description and Jobs

Jihadi or Jihadist Defined

Jihadi or Jihadist Defined Jihadi,â orâ jihadist,â refers to an individual who accepts that an Islamic state overseeing the whole network of Muslims must beâ created and that this need legitimizes savage clash with the individuals who hinder its. Despite the fact that jihad is an idea that can be found in the Quran, the terms jihadi, jihadi belief system and jihadi development are present day ideas identified with the ascent of political Islam in the nineteenth and twentieth hundreds of years. Jihadi History Jihadis are a thin gathering comprised of disciples who decipher Islam, and the idea of jihad, to imply that war must be pursued against states and gatherings who in their eyes have ruined the beliefs of Islamic administration. Saudi Arabia is high on this rundown since it professes to be administering as indicated by the statutes of Islam, and it is the home of Mecca and Medina, two of Islams holiest locales. The name that was once most noticeably connected with jihadi belief system was the late Al Qaedaâ leader, Osama canister Laden. As a young in Saudi Arabia, container Laden was profoundly impacted by Arab Muslim educators and other people who were radicalized during the 1960s and 1970s by the mix of: The Arab rout in the 1967 war with IsraelOppressive and degenerate Arab governmentsRapidly urbanizing and modernizing society Passing on a Martys Death Some sawâ jihad, a brutal topple of such wasn't right with society, as an essential way to make an appropriately Islamic, and all the more methodical, world. They glorified affliction, which additionally has an importance in Islamic history, as an approach to satisfy a religiousâ duty. Recently changed over jihadis discovered extraordinary intrigue in the sentimental vision of biting the dust a saints demise. At the point when the Soviet Union attacked Afghanistan in 1979, Arab Muslim followers of jihad took up the Afghan reason as the initial phase in making an Islamic state. (Afghanistans populace is Muslim, however they are not Arabs.) In the mid 1980s, canister Laden worked with theâ mujahideenâ fighting a self-broadcasted heavenly war to expel the Soviets from Afghanistan. Later, in 1996, receptacle Laden marked and gave the Declaration of Jihad Against the Americans Occupying the Land of the Two Holy Mosques, which means Saudi Arabia. A Jihadis Work Is Never Done Lawrence Wrights late book, The Looming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9/11, offers anâ account of this period as a developmental snapshot of jihadi conviction: Under the spell of the Afghan battle, numerous extreme Islamists arrived at accept that jihad never closes. For them, the war against the Soviet occupation was just a clash in an interminable war. They called themselves jihadis, showing the centrality of war to their strict comprehension. The individuals Who Strive As of late, the wordâ jihadâ has become interchangeable in numerous personalities with a type of strict radicalism that causes a lot of dread and doubt. It is regularly thought to mean heavenly war, and particularly to speak to endeavors of Islam fanatic gatherings against others. However, the present current definition ofâ jihadâ is as opposed to theâ linguistic significance of the word, and furthermore in spite of the convictions held by most Muslims. The wordâ jihadâ stems from the Arabic root word J-H-D, which means endeavor. Jihadis, at that point, would truly interpret as the individuals who endeavor. Different words got from this root incorporate exertion, work, and weakness. Hence, jihadis are the individuals who endeavor to rehearse religion despite abuse and oppression. The exertion may come through battling the shrewdness in their own hearts, or in facing a despot. Military exertion is incorporated as an alternative, yet Muslims see this if all else fails, and it not the slightest bit is intended to intend to spread Islam by the blade, as the generalization currently proposes. Jihadi or Jihadist In the Western press, there is a seriousâ debate about whether the term ought to be jihadi or jihadist. The Associated Press, whose newsfeed isâ seen by the greater part the world’s populace consistently by means of AP news stories, TV news, and evenâ the web, is quite certain about what jihad means and which term to utilize, taking note of that jihad is an: Arabic thing used to allude to the Islamic idea of the battle to do great. Specifically circumstances, that can incorporate blessed war, the significance radical Muslims normally use. Useâ jihadiâ andâ jihadis. Don't useâ jihadist. Yet, Merriam-Webster, the word reference AP for the most part depends on for definitions, says either term-jihadi or jihadist-is adequate, and even characterizes jihadist asâ a Muslim who advocates or takes part in aâ jihad. The regarded word reference alsoâ defines the term jihadâ as: ... a sacred war pursued for the benefit of Islam as a strict duty;â also:â a individual battle in dedication to Islam particularly including profound control. Along these lines, either jihadi or jihadist is adequate except if you work for the AP, and the term can mean it is possible that one who compensation a heavenly war for the benefit of Islamâ orâ one who is experiencing an individual, profound, and inside battle to accomplish preeminent commitment to Islam. Likewise with numerous strategically or strictly charged words, the right word and translation rely upon your perspective and perspective.

Definition and Examples of Progymnasmata in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Progymnasmata in Rhetoric The progymnasmata areâ handbooks of fundamental expository activities that acquaint understudies with essential explanatory ideas and methodologies. Additionally called theâ gymnasma. In old style explanatory preparing, the progymnasmata were organized with the goal that the understudy moved from severe impersonation to a progressively masterful merging of the frequently different worries of speaker, subject, and crowd (Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition, 1996). EtymologyFrom the Greek, before works out The Exercises This rundown of 14 activities is drawn from the progymnasmata handbook composed by Aphthonius of Antioch, a fourth-century rhetorician. fablenarrativeanecdote (chreia)proverb (maxim)refutationconfirmationcommonplaceencomiuminvectivecomparison (syncrisis)characterization (pantomime or ethopoeia)description (ekphrasis)thesis (theme)defend/assault a law (pondering) Perceptions The Enduring Value of the ProgymnasmataThe handbooks of progymnasmata may . . . intrigue current educators of structure, for they present a grouping of assignments in perusing, composing, and talking which step by step increment in trouble and in development of thought from straightforward narrating to argumentation, joined with investigation of scholarly models. All things considered, the activities were absolutely successful in giving understudies for quite a long time verbal aptitudes that numerous understudies presently appear to be less frequently to create. Since the activities were so totally organized, outfitting the understudy with arrangements of comments regarding numerous matters, they are available to the analysis that they would in general inculcate understudies in conventional qualities and repress singular innovativeness. Just Theon, among authors on progymnasmata, recommends that understudies may be gotten some information about their own encounters something that di dn't again turn into a subject of basic arrangement until the sentimental period. By the by, it is uncalled for to describe the customary activities as restraining all analysis of conventional qualities. To be sure, a significant element of the activities was weight on learning nullification or rejoinder: how to take a customary story, account, or postulation and contend against it. On the off chance that anything, the activities may have would in general support the possibility that there was an equivalent add up to be said on different sides of any issue, an aptitude rehearsed at a later phase of training in argumentative debate.(George A. Kennedy, Progymnasmata: Greek Textbooks of Prose Composition and Rhetoric. Brill, 2003) Sequenced ExercisesThe progymnasmata stayed well known for such a long time since they are painstakingly sequenced: they start with straightforward rewords . . . also, end with advanced activities in deliberative and criminological [also known as judicial] talk. Each progressive exercise utilizes an aptitude rehearsed in the first one, however every include some new and increasingly troublesome creating task. Old educators were attached to contrasting the evaluated trouble of the progymnasmata to the activity utilized by Milo of Croton to bit by bit increment his quality: Milo lifted a calf every day. Every day the calf became heavier, and every day his quality developed. He kept on lifting the calf until it turned into a bull.(S. Crowley and D. Hawhee, Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students. Pearson, 2004)The Progymnasmata and the Rhetorical SituationThe progymnasmata advances from solid, story undertakings to digest, powerful ones; from tending to the class and educator to ten ding to an open crowd, for example, the law court; from building up a solitary endorsed perspective to looking at a few and contending for a self-decided postulation. The components of an expository situationaudience, speaker, and suitable languageare included and shift starting with one exercise then onto the next. Inside activities subordinate themes or topoi are called for, for example, embodiment, definition, and correlation. However understudies have opportunity to choose their subjects, extend them, and expect a job or persona as they see fit.(John Hagaman, Modern Use of the Progymnasmata in Teaching Rhetorical Invention. Talk Review, Fall 1986) Technique and ContentThe progymnasmata . . . offered Roman instructors an orderly yet adaptable device for gradual advancement of understudy capacities. The youthful author/speaker is driven bit by bit into progressively complex compositional assignments, his opportunity of articulation depending, incomprehensibly, on his capacity to follow the structure or example set by his lord. Simultaneously he assimilates thoughts of profound quality and temperate open help from the subjects talked about, and from their suggested enhancements on topics of equity, convenience, and so forth. When he arrives at the activity of Laws, he has since a long time ago figured out how to see the two sides of an inquiry. He has additionally amassed a store of models, truisms, accounts, and chronicled episodes which he can utilize later outside the school.(James J. Murphy, Habit in Roman Writing Instruction. A Short History of Writing Instruction: From Ancient Greece to Modern America, ed. by James J. Murph y. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2001)Decline of the Progymnasmata[W]hen, in the late seventeenth century, preparing in the three traditional genera started to lose importance and the methodical improvement of Latin topics through impersonation and intensification started to lose favor, the progymnasmata fell into sharp decay. Regardless, the preparation managed by the progymnasmata has left a solid impact on Western writing and oratory.(Sean Patrick ORourke, Progymnasmata. Reference book of Rhetoric and Composition: Communication From Ancient Times to the Information Age, ed. by Theresa Enos. Taylor Francis, 1996) Elocution: star gim NAHS mama ta

Journal Writing to Ease Anxiety

Journal Writing to Ease Anxiety Panic Disorder Coping Print Journal Writing as a Tool for Coping With Panic and Anxiety By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on February 04, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 10, 2020 Witthaya Prasongsin / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Coping Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions Journal writing is an easy and effective coping technique that can help you manage life with panic disorder. Through journaling, you can track your progress, explore your emotions, and manage your feelings of stress. Used with other treatment options for panic disorder, journal writing can be a self-help exercise that assists you on your way towards recovery. What Is Journal Writing? Journal writing, or simply journaling, is the act of writing down your thoughts, feelings, and perceptions regarding your life events. The term journal comes from a French word that means to journey or travel. Journal writing is a written record of your inner experiences of the journey of your life. Benefits of Journal Writing Research studies have revealed the numerous benefits of journaling. One of the most studied aspects of journal writing pertains to its healing effects. It has been determined that those who keep a journal are more likely to be connected to their emotions and problem-solving skills. Keeping a journal has also been found to help a person relieve stress, let go of negativity, refocus on gratitude, and work through difficult emotions and circumstances. Used as a coping technique, journal writing can be a helpful way to explore your fears, manage your stress, and enhance your personal well-being. Much like talking to a trusted friend or therapist, your journal can be a way for you to openly communicate your worries, hopes, dreams, and disappointments. Journal writing gives you the freedom to express your deep inner thoughts and emotions, making it a great tool for personal growth and development. For people with anxiety disorders, journaling can be a way to help clear and calm the mind. Through writing, a person can release pent-up feelings, escape from everyday stressors, and let go of negative thoughts. Those with panic disorder can use a journal to explore their experiences with their condition, writing about their struggles and successes in dealing with their symptoms. Reviewing past journal entries can also bring self-awareness to your panic and anxiety triggers. Aside from self-expression and exploration, journal writing can also be an effective way to track your progress. A journal can be used to record your experience with relaxation techniques, panic attacks, and other anxiety symptoms. For example, you may be practicing certain coping skills, such as progressive muscle relaxation, visualization, or desensitization. You can use your journal as a means to record how your technique went that day, writing down how you felt before and after you tried the technique, noting what you like or didn’t like. Tips for Getting Started With Journaling To get started all you need 5-10 minutes of time set aside and some type of journal. You can purchase a traditional journal or diary to write in, make your own, use your computer, or simply use a pen and paper. You may also want to consider getting creative in your journal writing and using other forms of self-expression. For example, you can incorporate drawing, poetry, quotes, photographs, painting, and other forms of artistic media into your journaling. You might purchase a journal at the store or perhaps you’ll create your own, using paper, magazine pictures, and your writing. Maybe you will take pictures and secure them into a notebook to express your connection with the world around you. The options are endless and there are no rules to journal writing. Within the pages of your journal, allow yourself the freedom of complete self-expression. Try not to censor yourself. Write down everything that comes to mind. Don’t worry about grammar and spelling.Journal writing is a creative expression. Give yourself permission to openly and honestly express yourself. If you are holding back out of fear that someone may find your journal, then try to keep it in a secure place.Remember that there are no rules in journal writing. You can write about your day, what you are grateful for, your hopes for the future, or anything else that appeals to you.Many people chose to keep a journal that is based around a theme. For example, some people chose to keep a gratitude journal, a diary of daily events, or a panic and anxiety tracker.Attempt to put aside at least 5 to 10 minutes a day for journaling. Figure out what time of day is best for you. Consider writing in the morning to get all your worries, frustrations, and hopes for the day out of your system. Write in the evening to reflect on your day.Try not to view journal writing as a task. Rather, consider it an opportunity to learn about yourself, cope with your condition, and grow as an individual. The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

Psychological Effects Allegedly Induced by Hate Speech - 2475 Words

Should we be Concerned About the Psychological Effects Allegedly Induced by Hate Speech, or About the Attitudes it Expresses, or both? (Essay Sample) Content: Psychological Effects Induced by Hate SpeechNameUniversityPsychological Effects Induced by Hate SpeechPsychology can be defined as the study of the mind and its behavior.Psychology is an academic discipline that seeks to understand an individual and a group by finding out general principals and researching particular areas.Sigmund Freud was an Australian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis.He developed a theory of the human mind and human behavior.Hate speechcan be defined as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"words or phrases that inj nmany times are used to ambush, terrorize, threaten, wound, humiliate, as well as degrade. In law is any gesture, conduct display or writing thatis forbiddenfor it may be aprejudicial action againstan individual or a groupor by a protected individual and groups Itcan also be defined as aderogatory word having to do with people's race,Hispanic origin disability gender, or sexual orientation.The increase inverbal abuse and violence directed at peop le of thedifferentethnic group, people of a particularcolor, lesbians, gay and supporters of a particular political party has risen in the recent past.Which in turn has made it an ongoing debate in schools board meetings to states supreme courts?Speech that is written is considered to be more of a hate speech than spoken speech(Boeckmann, Trupin-Petrosino, 2002, p. 46).Hate speech has traditionally been spread by groups using pamphletsor through the mouth and fliers, but the medium chosen by hate groups today is the internet. The internet can reach large numbers of people; it allows large numbers of persons all over the globe to engage in conversations amongst themselves. The Internet has been an instrumentalmedium of for the spread of hate speech and recruitment of new members.According to the FBI, NCIS and other government and non-governmentalagencies, the most active groups of hate are those targeting the young who are more likely to form their hate groups through the social med ia.Hate speech results in psychological effects, for example in students there can be a big impact of being targeted by hateful words. A student's school performance can be affected by offensivewords; thisis shown by a studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s fear of traveling to and from school and at school. This leads to a studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s avoidance of school, classes, and extracurricular activities. Students also feel anger betrayal and personal hurt a sense of powerlessness and isolation.According to studies indicators of school crime and policy students aged (12-18)were reported to have been a victimized with hate speech. The group was said to be1  ½ more times likelier to report cases of hate speech than other students.There is a good reason for countriestoprohibit legally hate speech. As Waldron puts into a clear consideration "hatred is in many cases relevant not as the motivation for certain actions,but as a possible effect of certain forms of speech. Thus, the real issue is" the tro ublewith weak and vulnerable individuals is that they are subjected to hate speech that is who are the theme and their main idea is directed at their religious conviction, race or custom way of life (Calvert, C. H. 1997, p. 49).Hate speech harms peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s well-being based on certain characteristics that they share with a group. This deprives them the assurance that they can also be treated justly on adaily basis because they are seen to be lesser citizens. Although making the hate speech illegal to control it will mean incurring some costs, the benefits are worth the cost incurred in that there will be a standard practice in democratic societies.The Simon Wiesenthal Centre in its 2009 "I report" got more than 9000 problematic hate speech and websites with postings that were related to terrorists. The postings on the internet were termed as online bullying because it was a platform that was used to recruit and radicalize the youth to commit atrocities around the world. If s uch a hate group is not stopped in time, it will commit crimesthat are geared by hate. This isbecause the hate groups initially vocalize their beliefs, and later they act on them.Hate speech is considered as a catalyst of hate crimes and a threat to public safety and equality.Young people access radicalizing materials too easily on the Internet including audio and video recordings that generate urges that are catalyzed emotionally to react violently to what they view asinjustices.The government should seek new ways that will ensure policies to limit radicalizing material is enacted and work with leaders to create messages that do not glorify hate speech and violence(Greenawalt, K. 1989, p. 423).In many colleges and campuses bias has occurred from the early 1980s. Indignation outrage and demand for change have been part and parcel of such incidences given the lack of any diversity among studentsand the administrators on campuses. This occurs mostly onuniversities that receive fo reigners as students or part of the faculty. You will find that foreign nationals will be denied certain facilities in the college, in other times foreigners wonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t be allowed to vie for leadership seats within the campus just because they are not from the said country. This acts leads to the international students to feel isolated with the school.When to hate speech is presentedto peoplethey can see it and identify the problem quickly. College administrators may find speech codes good but as critics put it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"verbally purity is not social change.' The ACLU believes that universitiesto go an extra mile in the recruitmentof students and faculty to increase diversity in their institutions, Start counseling the students to raise awareness about equality, respecting other peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s culture and embracing all in the society.Present studies that have been carried out are based on critically analyzing and comprehending the harm that is caused by hate speech. T his is usually through the eyes of itsintended targets and examining how they react to hate speech. People should be interested in studying how the minority respond to insults directed at them. This also encompasses the identity of other forms of offensive speech and abuses. Social identity theory argues that the determinant of self-assurance, definition and self-worth satisfaction is our social categories coupled with adequateconnections and cognitive ability. If for instance one person has categorized himself or herself as being part of a certain set or class then their self-value will be said to be collective based on the characteristics of the group. Social identity theory also stipulates that people are usually encouraged to maintain their impressions. This is because they have to preserve their positive features among the group that provides collective self-esteem.The highlighted adverse effects of hate speech are significant enough to justify the prohibition of hate speech. T his is because the speech is psychologically damaging as well promotes conflicts between people who hold different opinions. Some universities and colleges have come up with rules prohibiting hate speech. This hasbeen done with an aim of curbing tension between students of different ethnic as well as racial groups. Such institutions have come up with speech codes that they deem appropriate for use at the institutions. These speech codes are necessary as they provide wonderful platforms for changing stereotypical attitudes in people.In an institution where hate speech is banned, learners from different social cultures can co-exist peacefully. They learn about respecting each otherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s opinions and culture as well as their own. This enables them to draw practical practices and ideas from each other. This is crucial in a learning environment as learners gain more knowledge and get to put it into practice without the fear of being mocked by their peers. Banning hate speech will also aid in reducing truancy in schools. Since students are banned from bullying others through hate speech, the rate of bullying in schools will decrease. This will enable many learners who would have fallen prey to bullies to be in school every day. The process of learning will then take place smoothly as students will not live in fear at school (Labaree, R.V. 1994, p. 67).Cyber bullying should be banned as well. This is because it plays a crucial role in disillusioning people about themselves. With technological development at its peak, cyber bullies have come up. These are people who post derogatory information about others on the internet. Most of them do it over social media, as anonymous people while others even use their real identity. This is not right as the victims of abuse tend to suffer from low self-esteem due to cyber bullying. They also cultivate negative attitudes about the bullies and other people around them. This happens as they fear that the people around them o nly want to hurt them. Social media platforms should ensure that these avenues are not used as places for spreading hate speech.Those who use social media to promote hate speech should be banned from using these platforms. People who experience cyber bullying should be taken through counseling. This helps them to ease the psychological stress as well as low esteem they go through. For example, if their body size bullies a person, they may take inappropriate measures to change their bodies. For example, if one is bullied for being plump, they may engage in self-starvation. Such a person may develop anorexia, a disorder that makes one to avoid eating for fear of getting fat. This results from the psychological torture they undergo concerning their bodies.Hate speech should be banned because of the negative attitudes and stereotypes it expresses. This is because these attitudes are very problematic. They usually create conflicts between people. For e...

Characters In The Crucible - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 726 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/06/10 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Crucible Essay Did you like this example? Williams I am the rightful partner to John Proctor. Elizabeth does not love him like I do. I will kill her for John. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Characters In The Crucible" essay for you Create order She shame my name in this town and she makes everyone think bad of me. I will show her. John is mine. He does not see the righteous in me. I am his and he is mine. My Uncle doesnt love me either. He only cares of his name in this town. He doesnt even care of his daughter as much as he cares about himself. He is a selfish man. I do evil work here but no one suspects anything of me. I act as a accuser and accused. I accuse my enemies so they may never talk another breath of me. I accused my Unclers slave Tituba. She face a terrible whip that day. I take that sight to heart. It appeals me. I accused Goody Proctor. She be hanged soon for her witchery. Thatrs what the town thinks. But I want that snake to get out of the way of me and John. John Proctor This town is filled with lies. Reverend Parris is a selfish man. He keeps everyone in favor of him that he can tell lies to them and they will believe him no matter who tries to stand up to him. He tries to shame my name in this town. He shames me and my family. He thinks that he can do anything he wants. And his niece Abigail is another story. She sinned with me and she wont leave me alone. I have a wife Elizabeth and she doesnt like Abigail, she suspects she tries to bewitch her. I do believe her too. If anything Abigail is the witch, she is a snake and a liar also. She will do anything to harm my wife, even cause harm to herself if she have too. She is just a child yet she acts like she knows what love is or what being mature is. She does not yet see the sins she is doing. But I will not let her harm my wife or my family ever, she will never lay a hand on them as long as I live. Parris I am the authority in this town. Everyone is to give me respect or I will have them put in Jail. Especially John Proctor. That man is a liar and a tyrant to this town. He does not know what it means to be in power of things. He is a dirty farmer. What does he know besides planting crops and raking his grass. Nothing I say, Nothing! He threatens my position with his lies. Even Reverend Hale believes John in certain ways. Also my daughter Betty, has come down with a strange illness. The town believes it to be witchery. I fear for my reputation that the town will think I had something to do with this. I see it fit that the town knows who they are applying this situation too. I will keep my respect and I will make it known that I will not be misconstructed of my position. Reverend Hale This town is corrupt. There are lies spreading about and endless feuds between people. I have come here to help with the talk of witchery and its victims. I started with a young girl named Betty she seem to be trapped by the Devil. I have untangled the hold of the Devilrs hold on this girl and also their slave Tituba. But I also feel that there is corruption in the Minister Parris. He seems to care more of his reputation than his own daughter. I yet not know what foul play is going on but I suspect that people are beginning to think that the devil is in most of the people in this town. We have had court hearing for people that all of the sudden have been accused of witchery. But I believe that these people are innocent. They have enemies and they are being accused of nothing more than a person with hatred towards them. These people did not do anything wrong. I suspect that there might not even be witchery either. This town is falling apart and I do not want to be here when it does fo r I might have my own enemies now.

The Jnc Guidelines For Hypertension - 1251 Words

The goal population for this study includes adults over the age of 18, who do not have any comorbidity. Though the JNC guidelines are meant to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of healthy adults and those with chronic illness, this review will focus on adults without any chronic illnesses. This will allow for a much more concise report on how guidelines have changed within this target population alone. It will also put into perspective, how the major diagnosing criterion has changed in the last twenty years for those without any other chronic illnesses. The need for evolving guidelines has stemmed from groundbreaking research on the topic of hypertension and antihypertensive medications. In the last two decades, there has been a change†¦show more content†¦Data is collected using software that is able to compute averages, standard deviations, p-values, and confidence intervals. All of the studies used in this review provided values within a confidence interval of 95%. Thes e statistical analyses are useful in determining the effectiveness of a certain interventions, as well as organize data to find specific trends. Quantitative research is important to further support guidelines or help researchers move away from recommendations that do not work, as well as move towards recommendations that have the most amount of support. Hypertension related research could be assessed using meta-analyses and randomized control trials. A combination of both will be used for this narrative review, since all three have been useful in determining JNC guidelines. Much of the research conducted has been on different interventions that include lifestyle and pharmacological treatment that have been used to reduce blood pressure and control hypertension. JNC 6 focused its efforts on improving dietary habits to avoid developing hypertension or manage it once diagnosed. JNC 7 appears to be an intermediate of the other two guidelines. It contains information on the lifestyle mo difications as well as pharmacological treatment. JNC 8 is formatted quite differently that the other two and appears to be geared towards proper and prompt diagnoses of the disease, as well as forms of treatment.Show MoreRelatedLifestyle Modifications : Provider Adherence1492 Words   |  6 PagesProvider Adherence to JNC7 Guidelines Introduction Hypertension, a condition more commonly known as high blood pressure, is a major risk factor for many medical diseases and comorbidities. Hypertension affects 1 of 3 American adults each year, leading to comorbidities such as heart disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, and kidney disease. The treatment of hypertension totals $46 billion annually (CDC High Blood Pressure Facts, 2015). Clinical treatment guidelines, developed in 2003 by TheRead MoreHypertension : An Abnormal Elevation Of Blood Pressure1886 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor defined as an abnormal elevation of blood pressure. Health problems can result if it remains elevated for extended periods (Centers for Disease Control, 2015). High blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke, which are leading causes of death in the United States (Mozzafarian et al., 2015). Randomized trials have shown that morbidity and mortality from heart disease and stroke are reduced with treatment of hypertensionRead MoreThe Gap Analysis Of Hypertensive Heart Disease1271 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to a recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2016) report, one out of three Americans suffers hypertension (HTN), and that accounts for 75 million or 29% of the adult population in the United States (U.S). All told, hypertension costs America 48.6 billion dollars in health care expenditures, medications, and missed days of work among the American population (CDC, 2016). According to the Tex as Health Data (2013), death rate among 26,448,193 residents of Texas, 170.1 deathsRead MoreThe Management Of Co Morbidities : America Is An Escalating Dilemma For Advance Practice Nurses1294 Words   |  6 Pagespractice will focus on ongoing management and care of diverse populations that present to the APNs practice with hypertension and other co-morbidities which must be treated suitably with the best evidenced based approach and current guidelines aimed at promotion, maintenance and advancement of patient’s health, prevention or reduction in progression of maladies burden and cost. Hypertension and co-morbidities such as Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and Hyperlipidemia are health problems frequently seenRead MoreHypertension In Nursing1340 Words   |  6 Pagespractices for treating and managing hypertension in comparison with the practice of health promotion and maintenance NCSBN category while addressing a clinical issue of hypertension and also suggesting a solution to the problem. Current evidenced-based practice guidelines for treatment of hypertension was created by a panel of the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8), whom reviewed peer-reviewed research and current practice to create guidelines. A hypertension management algorithm was createdRead MoreA Short Note On Diabetes And Adolescent Adolescents1577 Words   |  7 PagesHypertension in Adolescents I. Case Presentation A 16 year old African American male arrives at his pediatrician’s office for a preparticipation physical evaluation. His history includes asthma as a toddler, tonsillectomy in 2010. His mother, grandmother, and uncle all have hypertension. His grandmother has diabetes as well. He has an older brother and younger sister, both are healthy. His father is a paraplegic due to a MVA, otherwise his father has no health issues. The patient vital signsRead MoreHypertension And High Blood Pressure1703 Words   |  7 PagesHypertension Hypertension is referred to as high blood pressure. Hypertension is frequently asymptomatic in the early stages, and the initial signs are often vague and nonspecific. They include fatigue, malaise, and sometimes morning headache. Consistently elevated blood pressure under various conditions is the key sign of hypertension. Because of the insidious onset and mild signs, hypertension is often undiagnosed until complications arise and has been called the â€Å"silent killer.† The complicationsRead MoreHigh Blood Pressure Is The Resistance Of Blood Vessels2973 Words   |  12 Pagescalled Hypertension (Madhur, 2014). High blood pressure is a major risk factor for various other illnesses and even death due to several cardiac and vascular diseases. It is assessed that about 54% of strokes, 47% of heart attacks, 75% of hypertensive disease, 25% of other heart disease, 13.5% of all mortality, and 6% of morbidity are linked to Hypertension (Khraim Pike, 2014). Hypertension affec ts about 70 million adults in the United States. Only  about half (52%)  of people with hypertension haveRead MoreHypertension Of Hypertension And Secondary Hypertension2624 Words   |  11 PagesHypertension is defined as blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg on two or more blood pressure readings taken at each of two or more visits after initial screening. There are two types of hypertension which are the primary (essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension. Essential hypertension is referred to patients with hypertension without any secondary identifiable cause. Secondary hypertension has an identifiable cause, such as renal artery stenosis or pheochromocytoma, and is managedRead MoreHypertension : The Most Common Chronic Disease ( Barranger )1268 Words   |  6 PagesHypertension is one of the most common chronic disease (Barranger, 2013). Many people are unaware of the fact that they have hypertension because they do not have any symptoms associated with this ch ronic disease. Hypertension can be a major risk factor for many other chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, and kidney disease. Hypertension is strongly associated with obesity and diabetes. Hypertension caused morbidity and mortality are the highest, occur early and

Mandarin Vocabulary Colors

Learning the names of colors is essential in any language, but Mandarin colors give you more than just a tool for descriptions: They also have strong cultural meanings. Cultural Meanings Red  is a lucky color, representing prosperity, goodness, and happiness. If cash is given as a present, it is placed in a red envelope. White envelopes are never used because white is associated with death. The opposite of red is black, which represents evil and suffering. Although white is used in funerals, it is not associated with evil, but rather the absence of life, as during winter. Yellow is the color of the soil and represents earthliness and centeredness. It is also a color strongly associated with China, as the Chinese are descendants of the Yellow Emperor. Color Translation Color Pinyin Traditional Simplified white bi s blue ln s yellow hung s green l s red hng s orange j s or chng s or or brown kfi s black hi s purple z s grey hu s

Costa Rica Essay - 1076 Words

Costa Rica Costa Rica is a Central American republic located north of Panama and possessing two seacoasts (Pacific-west, Caribbean east). The capital and largest city, San Jose, is located in the central mountain valley. Costa Rica is notable among many Latin American countries for its long-standing democratic form of government. Costa Rica is well known for their hydroelectric plants and agricultural goods. I. Government: 1) Capital: San Jose 2) Country: Costa Rica 3) There are presidential elections every 4 years. 4) Costa Rica has a Democratic Republic. a. The president of the Republic of Costa Rica is Miguel Angel Rodriguez. Which is part of the Christian Unity Party b. Costa Rica is constantly†¦show more content†¦a. It’s expected to double in the next few years 3) There are really only one chief language there: a. Spanish b. English is spoken in few of Costa Rica’s provinces. 4) The main religion in Costa Rica is Christianity, 95%, but there is a small percentage of other religions like Jewish, and Muslim. 5) After the revolution in Costa Rica in 1948, the island has become a tourist attraction and has gotten many more cultures brought to its lands. The percentage of Costa Ricans in Costa Rica is over 70%, but many people from the other South American countries have imported there for a better life and education. IV. Customs and Practices 1) There holidays are much like America’s holidays: a. They have a Christmas and New Year holiday b. Another important holiday in Costa Rica is Semana Sante or Holy Week. c. There national holiday is Independence Day, September 15, 1821 d. Festivals of saints are a colorful part of town life. 2) If the persons that are to be wed are Catholic the ceremonies are much like Catholic marriage ceremonies in the US. But on many occasions they are on the beach and have more of a colorful and fun ceremony instead of the traditional black and white wedding ceremonies. 3) Popular instruments are a. the guitar, b. accordion, c. and mandolin. V. Livelihood 1) Costa Rica’s chief source of revenue is (they make 1.1Show MoreRelatedCosta Rica945 Words   |  4 PagesCosta Rica, a country of Central America, covers an area of 19,730 square miles. The capital is San Josà ©. Extending from northwest to southeast, Costa Rica is bounded on the north by Nicaragua, along its 185-mile northeastern coastline by the Caribbean Sea, on the southeast by Panama, and along its 630-mile southwestern coastline by the Pacific Ocean. br brCosta Rica has a narrow Pacific coastal region that rises abruptly into central highlands. The highlands, forming the rugged backbone ofRead MoreIt in Costa Rica1036 Words   |  5 PagesCosta Rica Costa Rica is a peaceful Central American country fronting both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It has almost 4 million residents, a stable democratic government, no army, and is host to Central America s largest hi-tech community, including the Latin American Headquarters of Microsoft and one of Intel s most modern chip fabrication plants. Many major US high-tech corporations maintain offices or branches in Costa Rica including IBM, Oracle, Dell, Apple, Compaq, Cisco, and othersRead MoreThe Xenophobia Of Costa Rica1890 Words   |  8 PagesThe Xenophobia of Nicaraguans in Costa Rica Introduction Migrant labor is omnipresent in global supply chains that seek labor at a reduced cost. It is of no surprise that migrant labor is being used in coffee cooperatives and plantations in Costa Rica. When visiting Costa Rica we were able to visit numerous coffee plantations. Most of these plantations used migrant labor from Nicaragua, Panama, the regional indigenous population of the Guaymi, and even local Costa Ricans. The focus of this reportRead MoreCosta Rica Essay1117 Words   |  5 PagesCosta Rica Known for its natural beauty and gracious people is a small country located in Central America. Located between the countries of Nicaragua and Panama, bordered by both the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea is a true gem, the Republic of Costa Rica. Located ten degrees north of the equator Costa Rica is in the tropics and even though it is a small country it has a very diverse landscape and a variety of weather as well. One unusual aspect of Costa Rica is that the country has no armyRead More Costa Rica Essay1076 Words   |  5 Pages Costa Rica nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Known for it’s natural beauty and gracious people is a small country located in Central America. Located between the countries of Nicaragua and Panama, bordered by both the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea is a true gem, the Republic of Costa Rica. Located ten degrees north of the equator Costa Rica is in the tropics and even though it is a small country it has a very diverse landscape and a variety of weather as well. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One unusualRead More Costa Rica Essay900 Words   |  4 Pages Costa Rica, a country of Central America, covers an area of 19,730 square miles. The capital is San Josà ©. Extending from northwest to southeast, Costa Rica is bounded on the north by Nicaragua, along its 185-mile northeastern coastline by the Caribbean Sea, on the southeast by Panama, and along its 630-mile southwestern coastline by the Pacific Ocean. Costa Rica has a narrow Pacific coastal region that rises abruptly into central highlands. The highlands, forming the rugged backbone of the countryRead MoreThe Culture Of The And Costa Rica1650 Words   |  7 Pagesleaders in how business is conducted to the appeal we wear and how our dietary needs are met. Belize and Costa Rica are two examples of the creative balancing act needed to understand the past to use the knowledge for making the informal decision, such as on cultural issues, environmental, religion choices, language, and economic development. Spanish explorers imprint has been left in Belize and Costa Rica throughout each infrastructure, religion and demographic. However, the first to establish a legacyRead MoreThe Influential Example Of Costa Rica973 Words   |  4 PagesBranding: The Influential example of Costa Rica (Essential Costa Rica) Nation Branding is a tool that helps to measure, build and manage the reputation of a country. Essential Costa Rica is the country’s brand; it tries to â€Å"sell† and promote Costa Rica as a high tech industry and innovative country, it showcases the nation ´s advanced export capacity as well as its leadership in protecting natural resources and promoting sustainable development. Essential Costa Rica aims to promote the country as a destinationRead MoreUniversal Healthcare At Costa Rica859 Words   |  4 PagesUniversal Healthcare in Costa Rica Veronica B. Ortner Miami Dade College Universal Healthcare in Costa Rica Aside from being an amazing place to vacation, Costa Rica has some of the best healthcare in Latin America. In the U.S. healthcare is outrageously expensive. Even with Obamacare, some people can’t afford it. Costa Rica has universal healthcare, which has been up and running for more than 70 years, where everybody is cover. In an article written by Chris Gilbert for the Centre Daily Times heRead MoreCosta Rica And Its Effects On The Economy1035 Words   |  5 PagesCosta Rica was home to by an estimated four hundred thousand Indians when Columbus found it in 1502. The Spanish began their conquering of the country in 1524. The region grew very slow and was governed as a Spanish province. Costa Rica took their independence in 1821 but was engrossed for two years by the Mexican empire. It became a republic in 1848. It was ruled by the dictator Tomà ¡s Guardia from 1870 to 1882 with the help of his massive army. (Costa Rica, 2014) Since then, Costa Rica has enjoyed

Advertisement Review essay Free Essays

English 100 Young and Reckless Commercials have become a major part of our lives today. There are those that stand out when they are viewed and others that do not deserve to be aired. The Taco Bell advertisement features an old man and his clique who decide to sneak out of a retirement home and go out for a crazy night as they re-live their younger days. We will write a custom essay sample on Advertisement Review essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Generally, the advertisement has a need for sex, escape, aesthetic sensation and attention as it targets all age groups in the society from the young to the old. Taco Bell shows us that age is nothing but a number and it is not only young people that can get wild and loose. This particular commercial shows us how a group of senior citizens snuck out of their retirement home let off some steam with a crazy night out. The background music for this rebellious evening was perfectly chosen: the Spanish version of â€Å"We Are Young,† by Fun. The old folks embark on a series of mischievous events that are typically associated with children and young adults. They start by invading someone’s property and dive into the owners pool, lighting firecrackers on someone’s front door, go partying in a club where they have fun, and one of them ends up with a â€Å"GOLDBATT† tattoo across his back. After a long night of mischief the gang winds up at Taco Bell for some delicious Mexican food. The advertisement is freaky, hence catching your attention by elderly folks being put in certain situations that are past their age. In most cases, not every viewer will relate to the age of the characters, but what is seen in the commercial is enough to attach you to it. This commercial targets all age groups, from the young to the old, but in my opinion it mainly targets teenagers and young adults, around the ages of fifteen to twenty-four. This age group contributes the most to fast food industries, one of them being Taco Bell. By featuring senior citizens in the ad, it adds humor and brainwashes young adults who want to have the same fun the commercial portrays, then finish the night by eating at Taco Bell. By a small percentage, it also targets people with low income, people who have cars and alcohol users. Taco Bell’s commercial comes out strongly with the need for escape. This is quite evident, as most of us know how retirement homes work. Senior citizens are confined in a home with not much to do, but in this ad we assume that the elderly folks could not take it anymore and decided to sneak out and have an adventurous and pleasurable night: one that they would never have experienced at the retirement home. At the end, they are seen eating outside Taco Bell, presumably very early the morning. Many people would also say the commercial has the need for attention. This is evident, as you would not expect a group of senior citizens to sneak out of a retirement home to go do activities that young adults do during the early hours of the night. That is why it gets your attention and makes you want to see what happens next and, before you know it, you have already been brainwashed by the tacos the elderly have after a crazy night. Also Taco Bell goes ahead and establishes a need for aesthetic sensations, though not common in this ad, but it is evident. This need is achieved when the featured elderly went to a club and had fun dancing and drinking as the night goes by, experiencing pure bliss. The final appeal that this advertisement portrays is the need for sex. This is evident with the scene at the club where an elderly woman comes out of the bathroom with a young man who apparently has lipstick marks on his cheek. Also in the club, we see many people making out and the kind of dance that are being danced at the club. Advertising has been around for a long time and ads are used to introduce new products to the market, hoping for better returns. Most of us take ads for granted as we think that they are not able to influence us, but we are wrong. Advertisers have sat down and worked out strategies on how to manipulate us without us even realizing it. One way they manipulate us is by having ads that appear in the clear in order have an influence. In the article â€Å"This Is Yours Brain On Ads: An internal Battle,† Maya Cueva talks about how the brain responds to advertisements that we watch on a daily basis. She talks about how kids were watching an ad and how they used to go into a zone where you stop thinking and just watch, which is exactly what the ad wants. She meets up with Mark Kishiyama, a lab director at NeuroFocus, who shows her how her brain reacts to advertisements in three different ways: attention, emotional engagement, and memory. This study of how the brain reacts to ads is how advertisers come up with ways to make their ads more effective in a short amount of time. With this article and the Taco Bell ad, we see that advertisers capture our attention by having featured elderly people in the commercial which captivates the viewer to want to see more, but we are being manipulated and put in the zone where we stop thinking and just watch, thinking that a 30 second ad is fast and that its not going to influence us, but it does. Taco Bell sums up their advertisement with the needs for attention, escape, aesthetic sensation and sex which are all very evident in the commercial. With the inclusion of senior citizens in the ad’s cast, Taco Bell created a curious environment for viewers who wanted to know what would happen next, because no one would expect to see elderly people doing what teenagers would usually be doing, at their age. In my opinion this ad was well done and am sure it manipulated many other people, not just me. Featuring the elderly partying, having fun, then ending up at Taco Bell for food was the highlight of this ad and, personally would go out and have fun with this posse of senior citizens because they are fun. WORKS CITED 1. Maya , Cueva. â€Å"This Is Your Brain On Ads: An Internal ‘Battle’. † NPR. N. p. , 14 june 2. Web. . How to cite Advertisement Review essay, Essays

Bowling A Growing Sport Essay Example For Students

Bowling: A Growing Sport Essay Bowling: A Growing SportStatistically speaking, bowling is the most popular sport played among Americans each year. On average, within the last four years there have been eighty-two million Americans per year participating. For a relatively small cost friends and families can go roll balls for sport and fun. The sport itself dates back several centuries. Rolling a ball to knock down various targets has been the object of many games in different countries and continents throughout history. Evidence of this was found in ancient tombs in Egypt and even on some Polynesian Islands. The game discovered on the Polynesian Islands appeared to be about a century older than the game in Egypt (History-Bowling). Modern bowling, however, most likely grew out of a German religious ceremony. In the third century A.D. every German peasant carried around a kegel, a club for protection. Eventually it became a customary test of faith in churches for a parishioner to set up his kegel as a target. The kegel represented the heathen and the object was to roll a stone in attempt to knock it down. If successful the peasant was free of sin (History-Bowling). Eventually bowling moved out of the church and became a popular secular sport, with a wooden ball replacing the stone and multiple pins, with numbers ranging from three to seventeen, replacing the single kegel. From here evidence of bowling could be found in many places around the world. In 1650, the Dutch in Amsterdam were bowling ninepins. The pins were arranged in a diamond pattern of one-two-three-two-one. The alley was a plank about one and a half feet wide and ninety feet long. Once ninepins hit America it took off and developed into ten pins and the game that it is today (History-Bowling). Currently, bowling is one of the oldest and most popular indoor sports in the world. More and more Americans compete in bowling, with its widespread popularity over the past ten years especially. Now it is the most popular sports in the United States, Canada, Japan and most of the Latin American Nations. Other forms of bowling that exist in these countries are boccie, candle pins, duck pins, five pins, lawn bowling and nine pins. There exist many bowling organizations in the world today for bowlers young and old (May). The ABC, or the American Bowling Congress, founded in 1895 is a chief organization of the game today. It was the first founded organization in America, and was developed with the purpose of keeping the sport organized. In 1901 the ABC hosted forty-one teams in their first ever National Bowling Championship a.k.a. the NBC. As soon as the sport developed and was cleaned up a bit, popularity spread to women as well. As a result of the spread to women in 1916 the WNBA or Womens National Bowling Association was formed (History-Bowling). The goal is to lead to the development of more bowling teams, especially in high school, and in other countries in the world as well. The business is looking to expand the game by involving teenage bowlers from middle school and up (May). According to Parker Bohn III Two generations have gone by without playing this game. Butkids are really enjoying it, with the animation and video. Its aclassic game made modern.The Federation Internationale des Quilleurs or F.I.Q. was founded in 1952 and has now more than seventy member nations. Located in Helsinki, Finland the F.I.Q. has world championship tournaments every four years since 1967. A steady stream of young bowlers has been a major reason for the sports continuing popularity throughout the 1900s. Bowlers of the high school age and younger originally came under the jurisdiction of the American Junior Bowling Congress, and A.B.C. affiliate. In 1982 that organization would be replaced by the autonomous Young American Bowling Alliance a.k.a. YABA. YABA sanctions league and tournament play of bowlers all the way through the college age (History-Bowling). .udb3fc341ccdc48a0c244d395e1c1359d , .udb3fc341ccdc48a0c244d395e1c1359d .postImageUrl , .udb3fc341ccdc48a0c244d395e1c1359d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udb3fc341ccdc48a0c244d395e1c1359d , .udb3fc341ccdc48a0c244d395e1c1359d:hover , .udb3fc341ccdc48a0c244d395e1c1359d:visited , .udb3fc341ccdc48a0c244d395e1c1359d:active { border:0!important; } .udb3fc341ccdc48a0c244d395e1c1359d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udb3fc341ccdc48a0c244d395e1c1359d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udb3fc341ccdc48a0c244d395e1c1359d:active , .udb3fc341ccdc48a0c244d395e1c1359d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udb3fc341ccdc48a0c244d395e1c1359d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udb3fc341ccdc48a0c244d395e1c1359d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udb3fc341ccdc48a0c244d395e1c1359d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udb3fc341ccdc48a0c244d395e1c1359d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udb3fc341ccdc48a0c244d395e1c1359d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udb3fc341ccdc48a0c244d395e1c1359d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udb3fc341ccdc48a0c244d395e1c1359d .udb3fc341ccdc48a0c244d395e1c1359d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udb3fc341ccdc48a0c244d395e1c1359d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: ERADICATION OF CHILD LABOUR EssayAlthough collegiate bowling is rarely mentioned in the media, many conferences offer team competition and championship tournaments. National Championships have been conducted since 1959 by the Association of College Unions or ACU and since 1962, by the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletes (NAIA). At the collegiate level younger

Language Usage in the Catcher in the Rye Essay Example For Students

Language Usage in the Catcher in the Rye Essay The passage of adolescence has long served as the central theme for many novels, but The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, has captured the energy of this period of life by dramatizing Holden Caulfields somewhat obscene language and emotional reactions. The Catcher in the Rye deals with an intelligent yet confused teenage boy struggling to see the genuineness in society. During his experiences, Holden tends to use easy, natural, but controversial language to help get his point across in an effective manner. As a result, the themes and messages Salinger attempts to get across appear more natural and believable, as if one was talking to Holden himself. Although seemingly inappropriate for society, the language used in throughout the novel is very appropriate for the character. At the time of the novel through today, Holdens speech rings true to the colloquial speech of teenagers, which includes both simple description and cursing. For example, Holden says, Quite amusing and all. (Pg. 83), referring to the taxi driver. This oversimplifies the taxi driver, implying that Holden does not necessarily want to praise or demean the man. Also, Holden states that he will not tell his whole goddamn autobiography or anything. (Pg. 1), which indicates Holdens hostility right from the start of the novel. The reader can easily pick up on Holdens stubbornness and views simply from his language, which can help in defining the character. Holden tends to use choice phrases to end his sentences, such as and all and or anything throughout the novel. Using these phrases, it can be said that these speech patterns are character traits since not everyone u ses them. Also, Holden tend to use the phrase if you want to know the truth at the conclusion of many of his sentences. He feels compelled to verify his statements and prove that he is not lying, which may indicate a lot of his character. Because Holden failed out of a lot of schools and does not have any close friendships, he attempts to solidify some form of communication by verifying to the readers that he is, in fact, telling the truth. The speech patterns help individualize Holden and made his speech seem more authentic while making his dialogue conform to the contemporary society of the 1940s. The setting and theme in The Catcher in the Rye revolve around a teenage viewpoint. Therefore, non-grammatical and profane language is again appropriate in the monologues and dialogues throughout the novel. During this time period, teenagers first start to rebel against authority figures and express themselves more freely. Holdens language reflects upon these newfound values in that he curses and rarely uses proper English. At the time of the novel until today, light cursing is considered contemporary and even somewhat acceptable in society. Holden seems to find it as an outlet to release his frustration, seeing as his experiences change, his language does as well. When he is enraged and caught up in the current situation, sunuvabitch and bastard find their way into his vocabulary quite frequently. However, when he simply addresses the readers as the narrator, Holden rarely slips into this extreme form of swearing. Salinger conducted these speech patterns so the reader can tell the e xtent and quality of Holdens anger, offering further insight into his character without lengthy word descriptions, in order to help identify which types of situations make him the angriest. As a whole, the vernacular speech we see from Holden Caulfield is very necessary in order for Salinger to present his ideas in an efficient manner. With his speech mannerisms, the reader is able to define Holden as a character much more easily than had the novel been written in proper English. The reader can identify where Holden feels compelled to curse in certain situations and how these circumstances affect him emotionally. Holden can be identified as a character who is unsure of himself, noting the constant using of if you want to know the truth, yet puts on a cocky front, making him as phony as the characters he discriminates against. The Catcher in the Rye, however, depends on this language, for the novel would not be as effective without it. Readers would not be able to identify Holdens ch aracter very quickly, if at all, in that they would not see which situations upset Holden more than others. Also, the teenage perspective of the story would be lost, in that teenagers tend to use their choice phrases and light cursing. This would eventually turn the book into a mundane piece of literature that would not be half as interesting to read as it is currently, even though it is somewhat controversial.Throughout the novel, some controversial language takes place and some argue as to whether or not it is really necessary. The language, though, is extremely necessary in order for The Catcher in the Rye to be as effective and get its point across. The language, non-grammatical and obscene, is appropriate for the time and the theme of the novel, not to mention the main character. Despite past and present disputes over whether or not this language should be presented, all can agree that Holdens language defines him as a character and the situations that he encounters. .ud387588cd344d6ad1f02d9914f73f6c5 , .ud387588cd344d6ad1f02d9914f73f6c5 .postImageUrl , .ud387588cd344d6ad1f02d9914f73f6c5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud387588cd344d6ad1f02d9914f73f6c5 , .ud387588cd344d6ad1f02d9914f73f6c5:hover , .ud387588cd344d6ad1f02d9914f73f6c5:visited , .ud387588cd344d6ad1f02d9914f73f6c5:active { border:0!important; } .ud387588cd344d6ad1f02d9914f73f6c5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud387588cd344d6ad1f02d9914f73f6c5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud387588cd344d6ad1f02d9914f73f6c5:active , .ud387588cd344d6ad1f02d9914f73f6c5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud387588cd344d6ad1f02d9914f73f6c5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud387588cd344d6ad1f02d9914f73f6c5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud387588cd344d6ad1f02d9914f73f6c5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud387588cd344d6ad1f02d9914f73f6c5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud387588cd344d6ad1f02d9914f73f6c5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud387588cd344d6ad1f02d9914f73f6c5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud387588cd344d6ad1f02d9914f73f6c5 .ud387588cd344d6ad1f02d9914f73f6c5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud387588cd344d6ad1f02d9914f73f6c5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Division of Hearts Reaction Paper EssayBibliography:

Tony Blair - Address to US Congress Accepting the Congressional Gold Medal free essay sample

Official Listing of Countries by Region of the World

Official Listing of Countries by Region of the World The 196 countries of the world can be logically divided into eight regions based on their geography, mostly aligning with the continent on which they are located. That said, some groupings dont strictly adhere to divisions by continent. For example, the Middle East and North Africa are separated from sub-Saharan Africa along cultural lines. Likewise, the Caribbean and Central America are grouped separately from North and South America due to similarities based on latitudes.   Asia Asia stretches from former stans of the  USSR  to the  Pacific Ocean.  There are 27 countries in Asia and it is the worlds largest and most populous region, with about 60 percent of the worlds population living there. The region boasts five of the 10 most populous countries in the world, with India and China taking the top two spots. BangladeshBhutanBruneiCambodiaChinaIndiaIndonesiaJapanKazakhstanNorth KoreaSouth KoreaKyrgyzstanLaosMalaysiaMaldivesMongoliaMyanmarNepalPhilippinesSingaporeSri LankaTaiwanTajikistanThailandTurkmenistanUzbekistanVietnam Middle East, North Africa, and Greater Arabia The 23 countries of the Middle East, North Africa, and Greater Arabia include some countries not traditionally considered as part of the Middle East (such as Pakistan). Their inclusion is based on culture. Turkey is also sometimes placed in lists of Asian and Europan countries since geographically, it straddles them both. In the last 50 years of the 20th century, due to a decline in mortality rates and a high rate of the fertility rate, this region grew faster than any other in the world. As a result, demographics there skew young, while in many more developed regions, such as in Asia, Europe, and North America, population bubbles skew older. AfghanistanAlgeriaAzerbaijan (The former republics of the Soviet Union are typically lumped into one region, nearly 30 years after independence. In this listing, theyve been placed where most appropriate.)BahrainEgyptIranIraqIsrael (Israel may be located in the Middle East, but it is certainly an outsider culturally and perhaps better belongs attached to Europe, like its seaward neighbor and European Union member state, Cyprus.)JordanKuwaitLebanonLibyaMoroccoOmanPakistanQatarSaudi ArabiaSomaliaSyriaTunisiaTurkeyThe United Arab EmiratesYemen Europe The European continent and its local region contain 48 countries and stretches from North America and back to North America as it encompasses Iceland and all of Russia. As of 2018, data shows that about three-quarters of its population live in urban areas. Having so many peninsulas, and the region itself being a peninsula of Eurasia, means a wealth of coastline on its mainland- more than 24,000 miles (38,000 kilometers) of it, in fact. AlbaniaAndorraArmeniaAustriaBelarusBelgiumBosnia and HerzegovinaBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGeorgiaGermanyGreeceHungaryIceland (Iceland straddles the Eurasian plate and the North American plate, so geographically it is halfway between Europe and North America. However, its culture and settlement are clearly European in nature.)IrelandItalyKosovoLatviaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedoniaMaltaMoldovaMonacoMontenegroNetherlandsNorwayPolandPortugalRomaniaRussiaSan MarinoSerbiaSlovakiaSloveniaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUkraineUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (The United Kingdom is the country composed of the constituent entities known as England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.)Vatican City North America Economic powerhouse North America includes  only three countries but it takes up most of a continent and is thus a region onto itself. Since it stretches from the Arctic to the tropics, North Americ includes almost all the major climate biomes. In the farthest reaches north, the region stretches halfway around the world- from Greenland to Alaska- but at its farthest point south, Panama has a narrow point thats only 31 miles (50 kilometers) wide. CanadaGreenland (Greenland is an autonomous territory of Denmark, not an independent country.)MexicoThe United States of America Central America and the Caribbean Among the 20 countries of Central America and the Caribbean, none are landlocked, and half are islands. In fact, there is no location in Central America that is more than 125 miles (200 kilometers)  from the sea. Volcanoes and earthquakes go hand in hand in this region, as many of the islands in the Caribbean are volcanic in origin and not dormant.   Antigua and BarbudaThe BahamasBarbadosBelizeCosta RicaCubaDominicaDominican RepublicEl SalvadorGrenadaGuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaNicaraguaPanamaSaint Kitts and NevisSaint LuciaSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesTrinidad and Tobago South America Twelve countries occupy South America, which stretches from the equator to nearly the Antarctic Circle. Its separated from Antarctica by the Drake Passage which is 600 miles wide (1,000 kilometers). Mount Aconcagua, located in the Andes Mountains in Argentina near Chile is the highest point in the Western Hemisphere. At 131 feet (40 meters)  below sea level, the  Valdà ©s Peninsula, located in southeastern Argentina is the hemispheres lowest point.   Many Latin American countries are experiencing a financial contraction (such as unfunded pensions for an aging populace, deficit government spending, or the inability to spend on public services) and also have some of the most closed economies in the world. ArgentinaBoliviaBrazilChileColombiaEcuadorGuyanaParaguayPeruSurinameUruguayVenezuela Sub-Saharan Africa There are 48 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. (Some of these countries are actually intra-Saharan or within the Sahara Desert.) Nigeria is one of the fastest-growing countries in the world, and by the year 2050, will overtake the United States as the worlds third most populous nation. As a whole, Africa is the second largest and second most populous continent. Most countries in sub-Saharan Africa achieved independence between the 1960s and 1980s, so their economies and infrastructure are still developing. This is is proving most difficult for countries that are landlocked due to the extra hurdles in transportation and right of way they must overcome to get their goods to and from port. AngolaBeninBotswanaBurkina FasoBurundiCameroonCape VerdeThe Central African RepublicChadComorosRepublic of the CongoThe Democratic Republic of the CongoCote dIvoireDjiboutiEquatorial GuineaEritreaEthiopiaGabonThe GambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea-BissauKenyaLesothoLiberiaMadagascarMalawiMaliMauritaniaMauritiusMozambiqueNamibiaNigerNigeriaRwandaSao Tome and PrincipeSenegalSeychellesSierra LeoneSouth AfricaSouth SudanSudanSwazilandTanzaniaTogoUgandaZambiaZimbabwe Australia and Oceania The 15 countries of Australia and Oceania vary widely by culture and occupy a large swath of the world ocean. With the exception of continent/country Australia, the region does not occupy a great deal of land. Islands have been known- since Charles Darwin pointed it out- for their endemic species and nowhere is this more apparent than in Australia and Oceania. For instance, about 80 percent of the species in Australia are unique to that country. Endangered species in the region range from those in the ocean to those in the sky. Challenges to conservation include the remote location and fact that much of the areas oceans are outside the direct jurisdiction of the countries there. AustraliaEast Timor (While East Timor lies on an Indonesian [Asian] island, its eastern location requires that it be located in the Oceania nations of the world.)FijiKiribatiMarshall IslandsThe Federated States of MicronesiaNauruNew ZealandPalauPapua New GuineaSamoaSolomon IslandsTongaTuvaluVanuatu

Regulatory Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Regulatory Issues - Essay Example A basic regulatory principle is that regulation should not be more restrictive than is necessary for public protection and regulation should not hamper the growth of the nursing profession. The focus of registered nurse regulation is public protection. This regulation assures the public that they are receiving safe and ethical care from competent, qualified registered nurses. It defines the practice and boundaries of the nursing profession, including the requirements and qualifications to practice. Boards fulfill their public protection mission by establishing, endorsing, and monitoring nursing education standards in programs leading to licensure and licensing qualified candidates who complete education programs and successfully pass a licensing examination that measures entry-level competency. Boards also monitor practice changes that impact scopes of practice and issue policy statements or support legislative passage of statutes or rules that support current practice needs and discipline or remove from practice those nurses who fail to meet standards. The public and agencies that educate, represent, or employ nurses are all considered customers of boards of nursing, and it is important that boards are responsive to their needs. Relationships that boards in turn rely on for reporting of violations to Nurse Practice Acts. Best practices related to discipline are vetted in guiding principles for nursing regulation: public protection, practitioner competence, ethical decision making, and due process based on our national standard that all who are accused have a right to a speedy hearing, shared accountability, strategic collaboration, evidence-based regulation, environment and marketplace responses in forming regulations, and ethical interactions within the global nursing arena. The public is best served when nurses are given the legislative mandate to regulate nursing in the

The Neopteran Questions for an Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Neopteran Questions for an Exam - Essay Example For instance, the naiad mayflies may live up to one or two years in freshwater aquifers, but adults stages last for a few days at most. Though juvenile mayflies feed on algae and smaller insects, the adults cannot eat due to reduced, non-functional mouthparts. Male fore legs are modified for grasping the female during mating. Near adulthood, naiads rise to the surface of water and molt to develop external wings so that they can move to shore. Mayflies are the only insects which molt after developing functional wings during the pre-adult stage called sub-imago. Adult mayflies rise on same days forming large flying swarms so that females can lay eggs on water surface before dying. Within the mayflies, different species occupy very different niches. The naiads of Blue Quill mayflies possess large mandibles for grazing detritus and periphyton. Like ephemeroptera, the Odonates also have aquatic naiads but possess a highly modified labium for catching prey. They adults too have chewing mou th parts and hinged jaws are used as tools to capture and bring prey to mouth. They also have very specialized copulatory behavior in which male grabs female from behind her head with claspers at tip of abdomen, the female receives sperm from his second abdominal segment, and releases fertilized eggs into the water. Males defending the best grazing area have a better chance to attract more females and thus produce more offspring. The neopteran (new wings) insects have the ability to fold their wings back against their abdomen at rest. Neoptera are subdivided into exopterygota and endoterygota depending on the development of wings through the juvenile stages, and into further groups depending on the modification of their mouthparts. In exopterygota, the metamorphosis is simple or incomplete, and wings gradually develop externally without going through a true pupal stage via molting. The juveniles also usually have similar feeding habits as the adults. The endopterygota undergo comple te metamorphosis and development of major structural differences between immature and adult stages occurs. The developing wings are not visible in the initial stages (larvae). An inactive stage called pupa is formed after several molts which does not feed and move. During this pupal stage big changes take place internally. After the pupal stage, a highly active winged adult appears. The larvae and the adults often adapt to different habitat and use different types of food resources. The evolutionary stages of endopterygota allow the juvenile and adult stages of insects to specialize in different resources, contributing to the extensive and successful radiation of the group. For instance, a bark beetle undergoes egg, the three larval instars, and the pupal stages before rising as an adult beetle. Question Two The sea otter is the smallest marine mammal having no insulating layer of blubber. The warm skin of sea otter is protected against the cold water by a thick layer of air trapped within very dense and longer fur hairs. The hairs are even denser at back of the body which is mostly in contact with the water. Though air provides far better insulation than blubber, sea otters cannot dive deeper and thus are restricted to shallower, coastal habitats. As Allen rule suggests, the legs, ears, and snout of sea otter are shorter for conserving heat in the colder climate. They form a streamlined

Structural and Interest Based Theories of Politics

Structural and Interest Based Theories of Politics What are the main differences between structural and interest-based explanations in comparative politics? Compare and discuss their features using empirical examples. At the heart of the field of comparative politics lie a variety of theoretical frameworks, each of which attempts to enhance our understanding of what is important in relation to explaining political phenomena. The aim of this essay is to examine and compare the features of the structural and interest-based approaches, through the use of empirical examples. As regards its structure, the essay will begin by providing a definition of the comparative method. Following on will be a brief discussion on its uses and a cost-benefit analysis of using such an approach. After all, it is the comparative method that will form the basis of the discussion to follow. The essay will subsequently identify the main differences between structural and interest-based explanations in comparative politics. Due to the lack of space, the ways in which they complement one another will be omitted. Finally, the essay will conclude by arguing that the main differences between structural and interest-based approa ches revolve around their explanations on the causes of political developments, and their focuses on the individual. In order to fully appreciate the main differences between the structural and interest-based explanations in comparative politics, it is first important to develop an understanding of the comparative method in its own right. Although widely used in the field of political science, the comparative method is far from straightforward to define. It is an abstract term to which various definitions have been applied over the years. According to the political scientist Arend Lijphart, the comparative method can be defined as the analysis of a small number of cases, entailing at least two observations, yet too few to permit the application of conventional statistical analysis. (Collier, 1993: 106) In practice, this refers to what is known as a small N analysis, within which there are two basic research designs: most similar systems design (MSSD), and most different systems design (MDSD). As a rule of thumb, the former, otherwise known as Mills Method of Difference, involves the use of less tha n 20 cases (states) that are as similar as possible. The logic behind this methodology is that the more homogeneous the cases under investigation, the easier it ought to be to pinpoint the factors accountable for the differences between them. Faure (1994) argues that the most similar systems design is the prevailing method (but not the only one) in comparative politics. (Faure, 1994: 310) By contrast, the latter, otherwise known as Mills Method of Similarity, involves the use of less than 20 cases that are as different as possible, the purpose of which is to communicate the vigorous nature of the correlation between dependent and independent variables. Such a method assumes that by proving that the observed correlations hold true in different domestic settings, the line of reasoning should be better corroborated. There are many uses of the comparative method. In addition to the case study approach, the experimental method, and the statistical method (Lijphart, 1971: 682), political scientists draw upon the comparative method to assist them in the devising of hypotheses (suggested explanations of something), the testing of hypotheses (which are proven or refuted), and the uncovering of empirical regularities and the identification of outliers' (Gherghina, 2017: 14). The comparative method is by no means faultless; though an analysis of its merits is required in order to demonstrate why it has stood the test of time in the field of political science. One of the main proponents of the comparative method, the aforementioned Arend Lijphart, deduces that given inevitable scarcity of time, energy, and financial resources, the intensive analysis of a few cases may be more promising than the superficial statistical analysis of many cases. (Collier, 1993: 107) His inference substantiates the argument that a detailed analysis of a small number of states is a more effective than a brief analysis of a large number of states as a result of various limitations already touched upon. However, that is not to say the comparative method is without its faults. Indeed, one of the inherent problems picked up on by academics is that of many variables, few cases (Lijphart, 1971: 685). Now that we have developed an understanding of the comparative method, it is possible to observe the ways in which structural and interest-based explanations differ. It can be argued that one of the main differences between structural and interest-based explanations in comparative politics is in relation to the causes of political developments. The crux of the formers argument revolves around the idea that macro factors in other words, factors that are observable at the level of society or variables to put it more simply, factors that are liable to vary or change are the ultimate causes of political events. The most prevalent macro factors or variables employed in the structural approach include a countrys level of economic development, social inequality, educational inequality, life expectancy, degree of urbanisation, ethnic fractionalisation that is, the quantity and size of ethnic groups within a society), and religious composition. (Gherghina, 2017: 10) To demonstrate the structural approach in practice, we can apply the example of the modernisation theory. Broadly speaking, the modernisation theory associated with the work of the polit ical sociologist Seymour Martin Lipset argues that democratisation is the result of modernisation. Modernisation incorporates many of the variables already touched upon, including urbanisation. In laymans terms, the more modern a society becomes, the more likely a society is to become democratic. This is the case because these changes enable middle-class elites to mobilise the working class to press for political rights for all (Gherghina, 2017: 11). From the 18th century onwards Lipset carried out an analysis of several countries, from which he was able to conclude that this does indeed hold true. Among the countries that followed the theory proposed by Lipset were the United Kingdom during the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century, and, more recently, Taiwan in the 20th century. This vividly illustrates the extent to which the structural approach can be useful with regards to explaining political developments and their causes, albeit it does not take into account its visible shortcomings. Nonetheless, by putting into practice the example, it is abundantly clear that the structural approach considers the causes of political developments to be disconnected from the dynamic of the political process. That, in stark contrast, to the interest-based approach in which individual decisions on the basis of seeking to maximise self-interest (Hague et al, 2016: 76) are seen to account for political developments. It is worth stressing that interest-based explanations do not only refer to financial optimisation, but also to a plethora of valued entities, such as authority and the accomplishment of ideological objectives. To illustrate the interest-based approach in practice, we can apply the example of political scientist William Rikers minimal winning coalition theory. It holds that in the aftermath of a general election in which no single party has been able to form a majority government, party leaders will seek to fulfil two criteria. First, they will seek to seek to form a coalition with parties that are ideologically similar to them on the political spectrum. Second, they will do so in such a way so as not to involve more politicians than is necessary to secure a parliamentary majority. This is evidenced by the 2010 UK general election. As Figure 1 vividly illustrates, the Conservatives, under the leadership of David Cameron, fell 19 seats short of a majority. As a result, they followed the aforementioned criteria to decide which party they wished to go into coalition with. Based on the first set of criteria, Cameron opted to go into coalition with Nick Cleggs Liberal Democrats as opposed to Gor don Browns Labour, in light of the fact that that the formers ideals were more closely aligned with those of their own than the latters, as Figure 2 (YouGov, 2014) makes abundantly clear. In addition, based on the second set of criteria, the Conservatives chose the Liberal Democrats as their coalition partners by taking into account the fact that the latter won over 200 fewer seats than Labour (see Figure 1), thus making it less likely that disagreements over the implementation of policies, for example would ensue in government. Hence, at the core of interest-based explanations is the idea that individuals perceived self-interest is the driving force behind political decisions and, on the whole, political developments are the result of such individual decisions. Furthermore, the structural and interest-based explanations can be contrasted in terms of their focus. According to Mahoney, at the core of structuralism is the concern with objective relationships between groups and societies. (Hague et al, 2016: 83) By contrast, the latter is focused on people. (Hague et al, 2016: 84) Thus, the latter focuses on the individual, whereas the former pays attention to networks. To summarise, this essay has examined the main differences between structural and interest-based explanations in comparative politics, through the use of empirical examples, and concluded that the grounds on which they differ are multitudinous. However, one of the main differences is in relation to how they explain the causes of political developments. Whereas structural explanations conclude that factors external to political life, such as life expectancy, are seen to account for political developments, interest-based explanations adopt the perspective that political developments are shaped by individual decisions, on the basis of what is best for them at a particular point in time. In that sense, another of the main differences between structural and interest-based approaches is that the former places a lot of emphasis on networks unlike the latter where the entirety of its focus lies with the individual. Bibliography BBC News Website (2010) Election 2010 Results http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/election2010/results/default.stm [accessed 26th February 2017] Collier, David (1993) The Comparative Method in Finifter, Ada W.; and American Political Science Association Political Science; the state of the discipline II Washington DC: American Political Science Association Faure, Andrew (1994) Some Methodological Problems in Comparative Politics Journal of Theoretical Politics Vol. 6 No. 3 pp. 307-322 Gherghina, Sergiu (2017) The Comparative Method in Introduction to Comparative Politics Gherghina, Sergiu (2017) Theoretical Frameworks in Comparative Politics in Introduction to Comparative Politics Hague, Rod; Harrop, Martin; and McCormack, John (2016) Chapter 5: Theoretical Approaches in Comparative Government and Politics: An Introduction 10th Edition, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan Lijphart, Arend (1971) Comparative Politics and the Comparative Method The American Political Science Review Vol. 65 No. 3 pp. 682-693 YouGov Website (2014) Britains Changing Political Spectrum https://yougov.co.uk/news/2014/07/23/britains-changing-political-spectrum/ [accessed 26th February 2017]   Ã‚   Appendices